Palabras clave
suelos y sedimentos
peligro ecológico
metales pesados y metaloides
Distrito Minero de Guanajuato
Cómo citar
Resumen
Los índices de contaminación geoquímicos son herramientas fundamentales para evaluar el enriquecimiento de metales y metaloides en suelos y sedimentos que permiten distinguir entre los aportes naturales y los antropogénicos. Este trabajo presenta una guía didáctica que analiza los principales indicadores utilizados en estudios ambientales detallando su fundamentación teórica, su cálculo matemático y las limitaciones conceptuales de cada uno. El objetivo es ofrecer un recurso pedagógico que facilite la transición de datos analíticos complejos a interpretaciones claras y comprensibles para estudiantes y profesionales de las geociencias. La eficiencia de esta metodología se demuestra mediante una guía estructurada en cuatro pasos aplicada a un caso de estudio real en el Distrito Minero de Guanajuato, México. A través del análisis de sedimentos y suelos en esta zona de larga tradición minera, se ilustra cómo la combinación estratégica de índices permite determinar con exactitud el peligro ecológico y el grado de afectación del entorno. Este enfoque integral valida el uso de las herramientas geoquímicas y propone un modelo de enseñanza práctico que fortalece el pensamiento crítico en la evaluación de la contaminación ambiental.
Citas
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